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Champagne or champagna (in French champagne) is a sparkling white wine, produced in the Champagne region, northeast of France, by fermentation of the grape (one species or several).
Champagne is produced in the administrative region of Champagne-Ardenne, whose capital is Épernay. It was near Épernay, in the village of Hautvillers, that the monks Dom Pérignon and Dom Ruinart went to great lengths to tame the wines that were fermented again in the bottles, causing them to explode.
This old historical province also produces wines called "tranquil" (non-sparkling) wines that lead to the denominations of "Coteaux Champenois" for reds and whites - whose most famous reds come from the village of Bouzy - and "Rosé des Riceys" come from the village of Les Riceys, in the south of the region.
However, the region of Champagne produces, in great majority, sparkling wines (white or rosé) simply called champagne, without further specification. They are produced mandatorily only on the chardonnay, pinot noir and pinot meunier grapes.
